Main effect
Supplement heat and body fluids. It is used for various reasons of insufficient food intake or loss of large amounts of body fluids.
Dosage
The dosage of dextrose and sodium chloride should be considered at the same time:
1. Dosage of Glucose
1 Supplementary heat energy When patients eat less or cannot eat due to some reasons, they can generally be given 10% to 25% glucose injection intravenously, and supplement body fluids at the same time. The amount of glucose is calculated according to the required heat energy;
2 Total parenteral nutrition therapy Glucose is the most important energy supply substance for this therapy. In non-protein heat energy, the ratio of glucose to fat heat supply is 2:1. The specific dosage is determined according to the clinical calorie requirement. According to the needs of fluid replacement, glucose It can be formulated into different concentrations of 25% to 50%, added if necessary, and 1 unit of regular is added to every 5 to 10g of glucose. Because this product is often used in hypertonic solution, it is more irritating to the vein, and needs to be infused with fat emulsion. Therefore, the deep large veins, such as the subclavian vein and the internal jugular vein, are generally used;
3 Hypoglycemia, severe cases can be given intravenous injection of 50% glucose injection 20-40ml;
4 Starvation ketosis, in severe cases, intravenous drip of 5% to 25% glucose injection, 100g of glucose per day can basically control the condition;
5 Water loss: give 5% glucose injection intravenously for isotonic water loss;
6 Hyperkalemia application of 10% ~ 25% injection, every 2 ~ 4g of glucose plus 1 unit of regular infusion, can reduce serum potassium concentration. However, this therapy only allows extracellular potassium ions to enter cells, and the total potassium content in the body No change. If potassium excretion measures are not taken, there is still the possibility of recurrence of hyperkalemia;
7. Rapid intravenous injection of tissue dehydration hypertonic solution (generally 50% glucose injection) of 20-50ml. But the effect is short-lived. Clinical attention should be paid to preventing hyperglycemia, and it is rarely used at present. When used to adjust the osmotic pressure of peritoneal dialysate, 50% Glucose injection 20ml or 10g glucose can increase the osmotic pressure of 1L peritoneal dialysate by 55mOsm/kgH2O. That is, every 1% increase in the glucose concentration in the dialysate increases the osmotic pressure by 55mOsm/kgH2O.
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